Nanjing Massacre Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nanjing Massacre - Term Paper Example This unprecedented catastrophe called Nanjing Massacre, or the Rape of Nanking, was a living hell for its victims and until present time it a symbol of Japanese militarism in World War II. Western nations for some time were not acknowledging Nanjing’s tragedy. There were several political factors that have contributed to it. The Japanese government downplayed the degree of its militaristic advances during World War II immediately after the war, while both Chinese govern-ments purposefully neglected the incident as they focused on establish ¬ing their political and economic strength, which required a sound relationship with Japan. The U.S. government valued Japan's position as a strategic ally during the Cold War more than the need for justice. Such political complications led each country to circumvent the issues of Nanking. (Li, Fei-Fei, xxiii) HISTORIC BACKGROUND After the incident on the railroad in the city of Mukden in September 1931, Japan, blaming Chinese nationalists for that explosion, began the invasion of Manchuria, China. Since that time several major battles between Japanese military forces Chinese army were raged, such as battle in Shanghai (1932), Great Wall (1933). To solve the situation, some agreements were settled between China and Japan which somewhat defused the situation near Manchuria. At that time China was engulfed into the Civil War and therefore was not able to considerably oppose Japanese invasion. An important incident happened in China in December of 1936, known as Xi'an Incident, when former warlord of Manchuria was suddenly arrested and kidnapped. This incident led the Nationalists and the Communists to form an united front against Japan in 1937. It is then that an all out defense against Japanese military started, at least formally. China had the largest army in the world at the time, but most of the Chinese arm y was not trained and poorly equipped, with some troops armed mainly with swords and hand grenades. Only few corps had anti-tank weaponry. 7 July 1937 a battle between Republic of China's National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army happened. This battle is often signify the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Shortly after that Japan extensively invaded mainland China and captured major Chinese cities. Some Chinese still remember Marco Polo Bridge Incident and Mukden as days of national humiliation. Japanese military forces had planned to conquer China in just three months, but in August of 1937 it faced strong resistance and had many casualties in the Battle of Shanghai, a very bloody hand-to-hand combat. Some historians believe that this situation contributed to the psychological conditions of the Japanese soldiers to later be so grueling cruel in Nanjing. The Japanese had captured Shanghai only by mid-November with the help of fleet and Air Force. The casual ties were so heavy that General Staff Headquarters in Tokyo decided not to expand the war. By that time the morale of the troops were very low. As the Japanese army grew closer to Nanjing, Chinese civilians fled the city. Chinese military themselves were destroying anything in the city that might be of value to the Japanese army – many buildings in the city, forest and entire villages around Nanjing were burnt to the ground. NANJING MASSACRE On December 7, the Japanese army came close to the city walls of Nanjing. They dropped leaflets into the city, requesting the surrender of Nanjing within 24 hours and promising mercy to innocent civilians.

Self Discovery Journey in Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Self Discovery Journey in Literature - Essay Example The discourse of self initiation should be looked at through the eye glass of the self; the characters created by the two authors display this side of every human being and, the almost desperate search that they start is common for all humans, thus I believe that the personal endeavor and voracious desire for knowledge do not shadow, but rather illuminate my very own understanding of the two books. The confession like statement of this paper that unravels the past fears and discoveries of my self concludes that life and the journey dedicated to spiritual evolution is present in every individual and that such novels as "The Alchemist" and "Jonathan Livingston Seagull" are not only very appealing to the readers, but also manage to bring back into focus the stages of becoming by unweaving and weaving back one's path. The analysis of the given literary corpus proved to reach a difficult point when I compared the styles of the two novels and the two different tones that speak about the becoming of the individual. Coelho's language is easier to apprehend and thus it proved to carry a more explicit message that immediately assures the revelations of the readers in front of a promised destiny. This author's description of the theme 'life as a journey' brings a world of magic and yet simple happiness that seems to be there at the end of the path. Unlike Coelho, Richard Bach imposes upon his readers a metaphor that shadows the plot and the message of the novel. As similar as they may seems, the language of the two novels has two tones: a calm and eventful one in "The Alchemist" and an extortionately dry one in "Jonathan Livingston Seagull". It is difficult and it takes an in-depth analysis in order to be able to set and discuss the intimate coordinates of the two souls that are incorporated in this unf olding. The main idea that this paper managed to discuss and that represents its strong point is the fact that the comparison between the two novels conveys a good understanding of the main characters: the shepherd and the seagull and their dynamics. Leaving aside the plot and focusing on the changes they go through, this paper brings in front of the readers a good understanding of the restless seagull and of the thriving young boy. The paper discussed only a part of the aspects present in the two novels and it did not cover the metaphysical and deeply symbolical dimension of the language. As simple as it may seem, the language used by both Coelho and Bach hides a symbolism that should be discussed in connection with the author's philosophy and not with my own personal believes; the literary analysis of the abstract ideas that come along with the story line is sure to bring a better understanding of the novels. However, this paper does trigger important questions which should be part of a future and detailed study of the transcendental dimensions of the self discovery journey as it appears in "The Alchemist" by Paulo Coelho and Richard Bach's "Jonathan Livingston Seagull". What's not a part of your paper that you think might help a reader understand or appreciate

Biases and Judgments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Biases and Judgments - Essay Example The decision entailed reflection aimed at enhancing the progress of the organization and improve performance. These decisions also promote efficiency in the staff and management. This decision could act as the basis of action since the policies could be implemented (Salaman, 2001). Emotions can influence the decisions that the management of an enterprise makes. Emotions can affect rational decision making; those who follow emotions make irrational decisions. As such, businesses should not come up with decisions based on emotionality as the decisions, may have a negative impact. Fairness should prevail while making decisions; all departments within an organization should be treated equally (Yates, 2003). According to Salaman (2001), reflective decision making includes examination, contemplation, critical meditation and analytical thoughts when making decisions. Therefore, reflective decision makers ensure that managers critically analyze the decisions they make. Reflection means that the decisions have to be given a deep thought before implementation; implementers take their time before coming up with the decision. On the other hand, expedient decision making entails solving problems that require immediate solutions. Expedient decisions mainly stem from the need for them; business organizations mainly make them when need to do so arise. For example, an organization may decide to lay off employees instantly. Yates (2003) asserts that biases may arise when making decisions; they include dependency on one form of information where decisions makers tend to over rely on one course of action. Other biases may include overconfidence on the decisions made and selective gathering of informat ion. Thus, in conclusion, the essay has discussed business decision making. It has addressed the role of decision making, which enhances progress in a business. Emotions and biases have a negative impact on the decisions made; they may lead to poor

Procurement management process Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Procurement management process - Assignment Example The paper gives emphasis on the procurement management process and has described the same with regard to REI. The procurement management process is defined as steps, which are required for purchasing or acquiring services or products from any source that is outside the limits of a firm or organization. The sources are external suppliers of the products. The procurement management includes maintaining good relationship with suppliers for ensuring that the organization is receiving high level of services. It assures that purchasers receive those goods, which they have paid for. The success of an organization depends on effectiveness of the procurement process and therefore, managers need to create plans for procuring goods and services, facilitating the reduction of cost and time of delivery. There are many fundamental steps in the process. At the initial stage, the procurement process depends on changes in technology, attitude and personnel. A positive method is needed to be adopted, which stresses on a satisfying relationship with the suppliers. Suppliers are regarded as the most critical component in the procurement process of any company. In case of any dispute with these suppliers, the organization is bound to suffer from unavailability of the required resources, which in turn heavily affects the entire production process. The company has donated millions of dollars for supporting the conservation efforts that they have undertaken worldwide. It sends dedicated teams for volunteering in activities across several places nationwide. The activities include restoring local habitats, cleaning up the beaches as well as building of trials. Therefore, through many business practices, the company has tried to reduce environmental damages that have been created by their actions (Recreational Equipment, Inc, 2014). The company, through its successful operation, has expanded their business

M6A2-Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

M6A2-Conflict - Essay Example Leadership also helps in influencing the efforts of the conflicting parties and ensuring that parties take the responsibility of ending the conflict (Donohue & Kolt, 1994). Leadership also ensures that all parties involve participate in decision-making through provision of opportunities to express their won perspectives, feelings and points of view regarding the conflict (Lansford, 2008). I have learned that leadership in conflict management must aim at proper planning of meeting schedules, installing shared beliefs and strengthening social cohesion. Accordingly, leadership will enable conflict experts adequately identify tasks, differing interests or objectives that require cooperation in ending conflicts (Donohue & Kolt, 1994). From my interview with Professor Marco Turk, I have acknowledged that values play an important role in conflict resolution. The Professor agreed that personality traits, beliefs and perceptions of the conflicting parties might either hinder or foster success ful conflict resolution. I agree that openness to new challenges, open-mindedness, and cooperative values will foster shared goals during the conflict resolution process among the conflicting parties (Jeong, 1999). ... Values such as emotional intelligence, self-awareness and emotional stability helps the conflicting parties minimize negative perceptions or aggressive behaviors such as verbal attacks that may compromise the process (Donohue & Kolt, 1994). My modified personal working model for conflict resolution is ideal for interpersonal conflict as well as group-to-group situation conflict (Jeong, 1999). However, leadership, trust and values are more essential in resolving interpersonal conflicts compared to group-to-group situation. Interpersonal conflicts mainly result from differences in personality, poor communication, cross-cultural differences and task conflicts between two or members in an organization (Donohue & Kolt, 1994). Power struggles and poor leadership within an organization may also lead to instances of conflicts among the staff. The first step is to identify the underlying causes of conflict. Accordingly, I believe the conflict expert will then create urgency for a solution thr ough identifying the detrimental impacts of the conflict to the workplace. Successful leaders must be able to identify the possible negative impacts such as decline in profitability, poor relationships among conflicting employees, poor customer service and lack of cooperation within the organization (Donohue & Kolt, 1994). According to my modified model, the next step will involve creating a favorable environment for resolving the conflict. This step will involve use of essential leadership qualities such as ability to ensure open communication, ability to encourage dialogue and appreciate diversity of opinions among the conflicting parties (Jeong, 1999). In addition, the conflicting parties

Term paper for biomedical ethics PHIL 150 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

For biomedical ethics PHIL 150 - Term Paper Example In the first part of each article I will be explaining the arguments and the conclusions of their version of Euthanasia. In the second part of this paper I will also look at the philosophical foundation of the Euthanasia from both articles and analyze how the perspectives guide the articles to their conclusions of Euthanasia. With many variations of definitions depending on the legality and morality of a particular region, the simple definition of euthanasia is that it refers to the practice of deliberately terminating a life in order to alleviate pain and suffering (DeGrazia et al 41). This intentional ending of life can be with the consent of the patient or even without the consent of the patient in some cases. The termination of life from the patient will mostly be done by the doctor or a physician. There has always been a rift and arguments on whether euthanasia is morally correct. This has been debated between the moral doctrines by the doctors and also by the philosophers who believe that nobody should have the capability of terminating another person’s life even if the person is ailing and the patient has no chances of getting better, they believe this is ethically wrong (DeGrazia et al 23). Different perspectives have been put forward to argue on the different aspects of euthanasia. Two in stances that come into focus in my case are the arguments by Callahan â€Å"Killing and Allowing to Die† and also an article by Miller et al. â€Å"Regulating Physician-Assisted Death†. In the case of Callahan he argues that there is quite a legitimate dissimilarity between killing and allowing to die. He goes ahead and defends the distinction by analyzing three perspectives overlapping each other in this case; metaphysical, moral and medical perspectives. Under the metaphysical perspectives Callahan explains that the external world is distinct from the self and has its own

The civil war Essay Example for Free

The civil war Essay The guidebook tells us that Rockingham followed the standard Norman pattern which consisted of an outer bailey, courtyard, drawbridge and a curtain wall. Rockingham was a place for important historical events for example in 1096 king William II held a debate there. Source 13 tells us that the Domesday book says Rockinham was built in 1066, source 15 says William built the castle and source 1 says Rockingam was a typical Motte and bailey castle both source 13 and 15 support the guide book but the guide book does not tell us that Rockingham having 2 baileys was out of the ordinary we know it was from the diagrams in the Bayeux tapestry. But I think that the guide book is a reliable source of information on when Rockingham was first built. The guide book tells us that Rockingham was regularly visited by kings. King John visited Rockingham in every year of his reign. During the reign of Edward I royal building climaxed at Rockingham, during this time windows and fireplaces were installed. The massive round towers were added to the gate house. The last king to use Rockingham as a royal residence was Henery V in 1422. Source 16 shows the changes Edward made to the castle, source 3 tells us Edward I built gatehouses for many of his castles and source 5 is a picture of Caerphilly castle showing an example of Edwards building, the basic shape and design is much like Rockingham. I think the evidence supports the guide book as both tell us that Edward made improvements. The guide book describes Rockingham as a royal fortress and palace. This is true but the drum towers were added because it was the fashion at the time. This suggests that Rockingham was not used for defence as Caerphilly was. This shows that the guide book exaggerates slightly to tell us about the golden age of Rockingham. So i think that the guide book is reliable on this subject. The guide book tells us that Rockingham was subject to massive changes after it was bought by Edward Watson in 1544. The majority of the guide book tells us about the changes made from 1544 to make rockingham into a stately home. Source 15 tells us that most of the building work at Rockingham is Tudor not Norman, the 1st paragraph of source 17 tells us about Edward Watson. Source 22 is a 19th century plan but it shows the changes that were made and source 20 shows an engraving by Lavinia Watson showing Rockingham as a home. I think the guide book is reliable as the sources support the impression given by the guide book. Source 15 is reliable as Derek Avery in his book states basic facts which agree with the guide book. The guide book tells us that Lewis Watson bought the house from James I and it tells us about damage the castle suffered during the civil war. Source 17 tells us about the disgrace of Lewis Watson. He was a Royalist and lost the castle to the Parliamentarians. It tells us that the Parliamenntarians destroyed the keep, source 18 shows the keep before it was destroyed and source 12 tells us about how the Parliamentarians destroyed castles. I dont think the guide book is reliable as it dosent go into detail about the civil war. This could be because Lewis Watson was disgraced by Oliver Cromwell and put into prison. Source 17 is written by a descendent who had no reason to lie. This might not have been in the guide book because it does not make Lewis watson look good. My conclusion is that te guide book makes Rockingham look like it was and still is a stately home. The guide book was produced to tell us about how good Rockingham was and to show all of the high points in Rockinghams history. I think the guide book is reliable about when Rockingham was first built, improvements in the middle ages and Rockingham as a stately home but I dont think it is reliable about Rockingham during the civil war because it wants to show Rockingham in a good light and not the weaknesses it had during the civil war.